https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great
Cyrus the Great
𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁
King of Anshan
King of Persia
King of Media
King of the World
King of Kings
Great King
Mighty King
King of Babylon
King of Sumer and Akkad
King of the Four Corners of the World
Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 058.jpg
Cyrus the Great with a Hemhem crown, or four-winged Cherub tutelary divinity, from a relief in the residence of Cyrus in Pasagardae[1]
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor The establishment of the empire
Successor Cambyses II
King of Persia
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor Cambyses I
Successor Cambyses II
King of Media
Reign 549–530 BC
Predecessor Astyages
Successor Cambyses II
King of Lydia
Reign 547–530 BC
Predecessor Croesus
Successor Cambyses II
King of Babylon
Reign 539–530 BC
Predecessor Nabonidus
Successor Cambyses II
Born c. 600 BC[2]
Anshan, Persis (present-day Fars Province, Iran)
Died 4 December 530 BC[3] (aged 70)
Syr Darya, Central Asia
Burial Pasargadae
Consort Cassandane
Issue Cambyses II
Bardiya
Artystone
Atossa
Roxane[3]
House Teispid
Father Cambyses I
Mother Mandane of Media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa
Atossa (Old Persian: Utauθa, or Old Iranian: Hutauθa; 550 BC - 475 BC) was an Achaemenid empress. She was a daughter of Cyrus the Great, and a sister-wife[1] of the Persian king of kings Cambyses II[2] and wife of Darius I.
The name "Atossa" (or "Atusa") means "bestowing very richly" or "well trickling" or "well granting". Atossa is the Greek (Ancient Greek: Ἄτοσσα) transliteration of the Old Persian name Utauθa. Her name in Avestan is Hutaosā.[3]
Life
Atossa was born in c. 550 BC.[3] She was eldest daughter of Cyrus the Great; her mother may have been Cassandane.[3] Atossa married her brother Cambyses II, probably after death of her father.
When Darius I defeated the followers of a man claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the younger brother of Cambyses II in 522 BC, he married Atossa.[3] Atossa played an important role in the Achaemenid royal family, as she bore Darius the Great the next Achaemenid king, Xerxes I.
Atossa had a "great authority" in the Achaemenid royal house and her marriage with Darius I is likely due to her power, influence and the fact that she was a direct descendant of Cyrus.[3]
Herodotus records in The Histories that Atossa was troubled by a bleeding lump in her breast. A Greek slave, Democedes, excised the tumor.[4] This is the first recorded case of mastitis,[5] sometimes interpreted as a sign of an inflammatory breast cancer.[4]
Xerxes I was the eldest son of Atossa and Darius. Atossa lived to see Xerxes invade Greece. Atossa's special position enabled Xerxes, who was not the eldest son of Darius, to succeed his father.[3]
Literary references
The ghost of Darius appears to Atossa in a scene from The Persians.
Aeschylus included her as a central character in his tragedy The Persians. Atossa is also one of the major characters in the Gore Vidal novel Creation.
Atossa is also included in Herodotus' The Histories and is shown to be a strong woman with a lot of influence. He even goes as far as to suggest that her wanting a Greek maiden was a reason for why Darius the Great decided to begin his campaign to Greece.
In his history of cancer, The Emperor of All Maladies, Siddhartha Mukherjee imagines Atossa traveling through time, encountering different diagnoses and treatments for her breast cancer. Atossa becomes emblematic of cancer sufferers through history.[6]
Legacy
Minor planet 810 Atossa discovered by Max Wolf, is named in her honor.
The poet Matthew Arnold named his Persian cat 'Atossa'. She is celebrated in his poem of 1882 called 'Poor Matthias', about the death of a pet canary.
References
Boyce 1982.
Boyce 1982, p. 78.
Schmitt 1987, pp. 13–14.
Mukherjee 2011, p. 41.
Sandison, A. T. (1959). "The First Recorded Case of Inflammatory Mastitis— Queen Atossa of Persia and the Physician Democêdes". Medical History. 3 (4): 317–322. doi:10.1017/s0025727300024820. PMC 1034507. PMID 14441415.
Mukherjee 2011, pp. 463–467.
Sources
Boyce, Mary (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism: Volume II: Under the Achaemenians. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004065062.
Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2011). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-725092-9.
Schmitt, R. (1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.
Categories: 6th-century BC women5th-century BC womenQueens of the Achaemenid Empire6th-century BC Iranian people5th-century BC Iranian peopleRemarried royal consortsFamily of Darius the Great
Cyrus the Great
𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁
King of Anshan
King of Persia
King of Media
King of the World
King of Kings
Great King
Mighty King
King of Babylon
King of Sumer and Akkad
King of the Four Corners of the World
Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 058.jpg
Cyrus the Great with a Hemhem crown, or four-winged Cherub tutelary divinity, from a relief in the residence of Cyrus in Pasagardae[1]
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor The establishment of the empire
Successor Cambyses II
King of Persia
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor Cambyses I
Successor Cambyses II
King of Media
Reign 549–530 BC
Predecessor Astyages
Successor Cambyses II
King of Lydia
Reign 547–530 BC
Predecessor Croesus
Successor Cambyses II
King of Babylon
Reign 539–530 BC
Predecessor Nabonidus
Successor Cambyses II
Born c. 600 BC[2]
Anshan, Persis (present-day Fars Province, Iran)
Died 4 December 530 BC[3] (aged 70)
Syr Darya, Central Asia
Burial Pasargadae
Consort Cassandane
Issue Cambyses II
Bardiya
Artystone
Atossa
Roxane[3]
House Teispid
Father Cambyses I
Mother Mandane of Media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa
Atossa (Old Persian: Utauθa, or Old Iranian: Hutauθa; 550 BC - 475 BC) was an Achaemenid empress. She was a daughter of Cyrus the Great, and a sister-wife[1] of the Persian king of kings Cambyses II[2] and wife of Darius I.
The name "Atossa" (or "Atusa") means "bestowing very richly" or "well trickling" or "well granting". Atossa is the Greek (Ancient Greek: Ἄτοσσα) transliteration of the Old Persian name Utauθa. Her name in Avestan is Hutaosā.[3]
Life
Atossa was born in c. 550 BC.[3] She was eldest daughter of Cyrus the Great; her mother may have been Cassandane.[3] Atossa married her brother Cambyses II, probably after death of her father.
When Darius I defeated the followers of a man claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the younger brother of Cambyses II in 522 BC, he married Atossa.[3] Atossa played an important role in the Achaemenid royal family, as she bore Darius the Great the next Achaemenid king, Xerxes I.
Atossa had a "great authority" in the Achaemenid royal house and her marriage with Darius I is likely due to her power, influence and the fact that she was a direct descendant of Cyrus.[3]
Herodotus records in The Histories that Atossa was troubled by a bleeding lump in her breast. A Greek slave, Democedes, excised the tumor.[4] This is the first recorded case of mastitis,[5] sometimes interpreted as a sign of an inflammatory breast cancer.[4]
Xerxes I was the eldest son of Atossa and Darius. Atossa lived to see Xerxes invade Greece. Atossa's special position enabled Xerxes, who was not the eldest son of Darius, to succeed his father.[3]
Literary references
The ghost of Darius appears to Atossa in a scene from The Persians.
Aeschylus included her as a central character in his tragedy The Persians. Atossa is also one of the major characters in the Gore Vidal novel Creation.
Atossa is also included in Herodotus' The Histories and is shown to be a strong woman with a lot of influence. He even goes as far as to suggest that her wanting a Greek maiden was a reason for why Darius the Great decided to begin his campaign to Greece.
In his history of cancer, The Emperor of All Maladies, Siddhartha Mukherjee imagines Atossa traveling through time, encountering different diagnoses and treatments for her breast cancer. Atossa becomes emblematic of cancer sufferers through history.[6]
Legacy
Minor planet 810 Atossa discovered by Max Wolf, is named in her honor.
The poet Matthew Arnold named his Persian cat 'Atossa'. She is celebrated in his poem of 1882 called 'Poor Matthias', about the death of a pet canary.
References
Boyce 1982.
Boyce 1982, p. 78.
Schmitt 1987, pp. 13–14.
Mukherjee 2011, p. 41.
Sandison, A. T. (1959). "The First Recorded Case of Inflammatory Mastitis— Queen Atossa of Persia and the Physician Democêdes". Medical History. 3 (4): 317–322. doi:10.1017/s0025727300024820. PMC 1034507. PMID 14441415.
Mukherjee 2011, pp. 463–467.
Sources
Boyce, Mary (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism: Volume II: Under the Achaemenians. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004065062.
Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2011). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-725092-9.
Schmitt, R. (1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.
Categories: 6th-century BC women5th-century BC womenQueens of the Achaemenid Empire6th-century BC Iranian people5th-century BC Iranian peopleRemarried royal consortsFamily of Darius the Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great
Cyrus the Great
𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁
King of Anshan
King of Persia
King of Media
King of the World
King of Kings
Great King
Mighty King
King of Babylon
King of Sumer and Akkad
King of the Four Corners of the World
Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 058.jpg
Cyrus the Great with a Hemhem crown, or four-winged Cherub tutelary divinity, from a relief in the residence of Cyrus in Pasagardae[1]
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor The establishment of the empire
Successor Cambyses II
King of Persia
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor Cambyses I
Successor Cambyses II
King of Media
Reign 549–530 BC
Predecessor Astyages
Successor Cambyses II
King of Lydia
Reign 547–530 BC
Predecessor Croesus
Successor Cambyses II
King of Babylon
Reign 539–530 BC
Predecessor Nabonidus
Successor Cambyses II
Born c. 600 BC[2]
Anshan, Persis (present-day Fars Province, Iran)
Died 4 December 530 BC[3] (aged 70)
Syr Darya, Central Asia
Burial Pasargadae
Consort Cassandane
Issue Cambyses II
Bardiya
Artystone
Atossa
Roxane[3]
House Teispid
Father Cambyses I
Mother Mandane of Media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa
Atossa (Old Persian: Utauθa, or Old Iranian: Hutauθa; 550 BC - 475 BC) was an Achaemenid empress. She was a daughter of Cyrus the Great, and a sister-wife[1] of the Persian king of kings Cambyses II[2] and wife of Darius I.
The name "Atossa" (or "Atusa") means "bestowing very richly" or "well trickling" or "well granting". Atossa is the Greek (Ancient Greek: Ἄτοσσα) transliteration of the Old Persian name Utauθa. Her name in Avestan is Hutaosā.[3]
Life
Atossa was born in c. 550 BC.[3] She was eldest daughter of Cyrus the Great; her mother may have been Cassandane.[3] Atossa married her brother Cambyses II, probably after death of her father.
When Darius I defeated the followers of a man claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the younger brother of Cambyses II in 522 BC, he married Atossa.[3] Atossa played an important role in the Achaemenid royal family, as she bore Darius the Great the next Achaemenid king, Xerxes I.
Atossa had a "great authority" in the Achaemenid royal house and her marriage with Darius I is likely due to her power, influence and the fact that she was a direct descendant of Cyrus.[3]
Herodotus records in The Histories that Atossa was troubled by a bleeding lump in her breast. A Greek slave, Democedes, excised the tumor.[4] This is the first recorded case of mastitis,[5] sometimes interpreted as a sign of an inflammatory breast cancer.[4]
Xerxes I was the eldest son of Atossa and Darius. Atossa lived to see Xerxes invade Greece. Atossa's special position enabled Xerxes, who was not the eldest son of Darius, to succeed his father.[3]
Literary references
The ghost of Darius appears to Atossa in a scene from The Persians.
Aeschylus included her as a central character in his tragedy The Persians. Atossa is also one of the major characters in the Gore Vidal novel Creation.
Atossa is also included in Herodotus' The Histories and is shown to be a strong woman with a lot of influence. He even goes as far as to suggest that her wanting a Greek maiden was a reason for why Darius the Great decided to begin his campaign to Greece.
In his history of cancer, The Emperor of All Maladies, Siddhartha Mukherjee imagines Atossa traveling through time, encountering different diagnoses and treatments for her breast cancer. Atossa becomes emblematic of cancer sufferers through history.[6]
Legacy
Minor planet 810 Atossa discovered by Max Wolf, is named in her honor.
The poet Matthew Arnold named his Persian cat 'Atossa'. She is celebrated in his poem of 1882 called 'Poor Matthias', about the death of a pet canary.
References
Boyce 1982.
Boyce 1982, p. 78.
Schmitt 1987, pp. 13–14.
Mukherjee 2011, p. 41.
Sandison, A. T. (1959). "The First Recorded Case of Inflammatory Mastitis— Queen Atossa of Persia and the Physician Democêdes". Medical History. 3 (4): 317–322. doi:10.1017/s0025727300024820. PMC 1034507. PMID 14441415.
Mukherjee 2011, pp. 463–467.
Sources
Boyce, Mary (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism: Volume II: Under the Achaemenians. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004065062.
Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2011). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-725092-9.
Schmitt, R. (1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.
Categories: 6th-century BC women5th-century BC womenQueens of the Achaemenid Empire6th-century BC Iranian people5th-century BC Iranian peopleRemarried royal consortsFamily of Darius the Great
Cyrus the Great
𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁
King of Anshan
King of Persia
King of Media
King of the World
King of Kings
Great King
Mighty King
King of Babylon
King of Sumer and Akkad
King of the Four Corners of the World
Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 058.jpg
Cyrus the Great with a Hemhem crown, or four-winged Cherub tutelary divinity, from a relief in the residence of Cyrus in Pasagardae[1]
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor The establishment of the empire
Successor Cambyses II
King of Persia
Reign 559–530 BC
Predecessor Cambyses I
Successor Cambyses II
King of Media
Reign 549–530 BC
Predecessor Astyages
Successor Cambyses II
King of Lydia
Reign 547–530 BC
Predecessor Croesus
Successor Cambyses II
King of Babylon
Reign 539–530 BC
Predecessor Nabonidus
Successor Cambyses II
Born c. 600 BC[2]
Anshan, Persis (present-day Fars Province, Iran)
Died 4 December 530 BC[3] (aged 70)
Syr Darya, Central Asia
Burial Pasargadae
Consort Cassandane
Issue Cambyses II
Bardiya
Artystone
Atossa
Roxane[3]
House Teispid
Father Cambyses I
Mother Mandane of Media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atossa
Atossa (Old Persian: Utauθa, or Old Iranian: Hutauθa; 550 BC - 475 BC) was an Achaemenid empress. She was a daughter of Cyrus the Great, and a sister-wife[1] of the Persian king of kings Cambyses II[2] and wife of Darius I.
The name "Atossa" (or "Atusa") means "bestowing very richly" or "well trickling" or "well granting". Atossa is the Greek (Ancient Greek: Ἄτοσσα) transliteration of the Old Persian name Utauθa. Her name in Avestan is Hutaosā.[3]
Life
Atossa was born in c. 550 BC.[3] She was eldest daughter of Cyrus the Great; her mother may have been Cassandane.[3] Atossa married her brother Cambyses II, probably after death of her father.
When Darius I defeated the followers of a man claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the younger brother of Cambyses II in 522 BC, he married Atossa.[3] Atossa played an important role in the Achaemenid royal family, as she bore Darius the Great the next Achaemenid king, Xerxes I.
Atossa had a "great authority" in the Achaemenid royal house and her marriage with Darius I is likely due to her power, influence and the fact that she was a direct descendant of Cyrus.[3]
Herodotus records in The Histories that Atossa was troubled by a bleeding lump in her breast. A Greek slave, Democedes, excised the tumor.[4] This is the first recorded case of mastitis,[5] sometimes interpreted as a sign of an inflammatory breast cancer.[4]
Xerxes I was the eldest son of Atossa and Darius. Atossa lived to see Xerxes invade Greece. Atossa's special position enabled Xerxes, who was not the eldest son of Darius, to succeed his father.[3]
Literary references
The ghost of Darius appears to Atossa in a scene from The Persians.
Aeschylus included her as a central character in his tragedy The Persians. Atossa is also one of the major characters in the Gore Vidal novel Creation.
Atossa is also included in Herodotus' The Histories and is shown to be a strong woman with a lot of influence. He even goes as far as to suggest that her wanting a Greek maiden was a reason for why Darius the Great decided to begin his campaign to Greece.
In his history of cancer, The Emperor of All Maladies, Siddhartha Mukherjee imagines Atossa traveling through time, encountering different diagnoses and treatments for her breast cancer. Atossa becomes emblematic of cancer sufferers through history.[6]
Legacy
Minor planet 810 Atossa discovered by Max Wolf, is named in her honor.
The poet Matthew Arnold named his Persian cat 'Atossa'. She is celebrated in his poem of 1882 called 'Poor Matthias', about the death of a pet canary.
References
Boyce 1982.
Boyce 1982, p. 78.
Schmitt 1987, pp. 13–14.
Mukherjee 2011, p. 41.
Sandison, A. T. (1959). "The First Recorded Case of Inflammatory Mastitis— Queen Atossa of Persia and the Physician Democêdes". Medical History. 3 (4): 317–322. doi:10.1017/s0025727300024820. PMC 1034507. PMID 14441415.
Mukherjee 2011, pp. 463–467.
Sources
Boyce, Mary (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism: Volume II: Under the Achaemenians. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004065062.
Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2011). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-725092-9.
Schmitt, R. (1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.
Categories: 6th-century BC women5th-century BC womenQueens of the Achaemenid Empire6th-century BC Iranian people5th-century BC Iranian peopleRemarried royal consortsFamily of Darius the Great
Family Members
Siblings
Children
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